Incoterms 2020 ReferenceIncoterms 2020 速查
All 11 trade terms at a glance — who pays what, where risk transfers, and whether insurance is mandatory. Compare visually below.11 个贸易术语一图看懂——谁付什么费、风险在哪转移、保险归谁。下方有可视化时间轴对比。
Quick Reference速查表
| Code代码 | Name名称 | Mode运输方式 | Risk Transfers At风险转移点 | Cost Transfers At费用转移点 | Insurance保险责任 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXW | Ex Works工厂交货 | Any mode任意运输 | At seller's premises, before loading卖方工厂内，未装车前 | At seller's premises, before loading卖方工厂内，未装车前 | —— |
| FCA | Free Carrier货交承运人 | Any mode任意运输 | When goods are handed to carrier at named place在指定地点交付承运人时 | When goods are handed to carrier at named place在指定地点交付承运人时 | —— |
| FAS | Free Alongside Ship船边交货 | Sea only仅海运 | When goods are alongside vessel at port of shipment货物到达装运港船边时 | When goods are alongside vessel at port of shipment货物到达装运港船边时 | —— |
| FOB | Free On Board船上交货 | Sea only仅海运 | When goods are loaded on vessel货物装船完毕时 | When goods are loaded on vessel货物装船完毕时 | —— |
| CFR | Cost and Freight成本加运费 | Sea only仅海运 | When goods are loaded on vessel (same as FOB)货物装船完毕时（同 FOB） | At destination port discharge目的港卸船时 | —— |
| CIF | Cost, Insurance and Freight成本、保险加运费 | Sea only仅海运 | When goods are loaded on vessel (same as FOB)货物装船完毕时（同 FOB） | At destination port discharge目的港卸船时 | Seller卖方 |
| CPT | Carriage Paid To运费付至 | Any mode任意运输 | When handed to first carrier交付第一承运人时 | At named destination指定目的地 | —— |
| CIP | Carriage and Insurance Paid To运费保险费付至 | Any mode任意运输 | When handed to first carrier交付第一承运人时 | At named destination指定目的地 | Seller卖方 |
| DAP | Delivered at Place目的地交货 | Any mode任意运输 | At named destination, ready for unloading在指定目的地、待卸货时 | At named destination, ready for unloading在指定目的地、待卸货时 | —— |
| DPU | Delivered at Place Unloaded目的地卸货交货 | Any mode任意运输 | At named destination, after unloading在指定目的地、卸货完成时 | At named destination, after unloading在指定目的地、卸货完成时 | —— |
| DDP | Delivered Duty Paid完税后交货 | Any mode任意运输 | At buyer's address, ready for unloading在买方地址、待卸货时 | At buyer's address, all duties + taxes paid在买方地址、所有税费已付 | —— |
Responsibility Timeline责任划分图
Each row is one Incoterm. Each column is a shipment stage. Blue cells are seller's responsibility; gray cells are buyer's. The dark line marks where risk transfers.每行一个 Incoterm，每列一个运输阶段。蓝色表示卖方责任，灰色表示买方责任。深色线条标记风险转移点。
Usage Notes使用要点
Ex Works工厂交货
Minimum seller obligation. Buyer handles export clearance, loading, transport, and all risk from factory gate onward.卖方责任最小。买方承担出口清关、装车、运输及工厂大门后全部风险。
Free Carrier货交承运人
Modern flexible alternative to FOB for containerized cargo. Seller clears for export and delivers to carrier.FOB 的现代替代条款，适用于集装箱货物。卖方负责出口清关并交付承运人。
Free Alongside Ship船边交货
Sea / inland waterway only. Use for bulk or break-bulk cargo, not container loads.仅适用于海运 / 内河运输。常用于散货 / 件杂货，不适合集装箱。
Free On Board船上交货
Classic sea-freight term. Common for non-containerized cargo. For containers, ICC recommends FCA instead.经典海运条款，常用于非集装箱货物。ICC 建议集装箱货物改用 FCA。
Cost and Freight成本加运费
Seller pays freight to destination port but risk transfers at origin vessel loading — a key trap for buyers.卖方承担运费至目的港，但风险在起运港装船时已转移给买方——常见误区。
Cost, Insurance and Freight成本、保险加运费
Like CFR but seller also procures minimum cargo insurance for buyer's benefit. Most popular term in trans-Pacific.类似 CFR，但卖方需为买方利益购买最低货物保险。跨太平洋贸易最常用条款。
Carriage Paid To运费付至
Multi-modal version of CFR. Seller pays carriage to named destination; risk transfers at first carrier handover.CFR 的多式联运版本。卖方承担运费至指定目的地，风险在交付首程承运人时转移。
Carriage and Insurance Paid To运费保险费付至
Multi-modal version of CIF. Seller procures all-risk insurance (broader than CIF's minimum cover).CIF 的多式联运版本。卖方需购买一切险（保障范围比 CIF 的最低险更广）。
Delivered at Place目的地交货
Seller delivers goods to named destination, not unloaded. Buyer handles import clearance + duties.卖方将货物运至指定目的地、未卸货。买方承担进口清关 + 税费。
Delivered at Place Unloaded目的地卸货交货
Replaced DAT in 2020. Only Incoterm requiring seller to unload at destination. Buyer still handles import clearance.2020 版替代 DAT。唯一要求卖方在目的地卸货的条款。买方仍负责进口清关。
Delivered Duty Paid完税后交货
Maximum seller obligation. Common for trans-Pacific e-commerce. Pricing must account for import duties + taxes.卖方责任最大。跨太平洋电商常用。报价时必须把进口关税 + 税金核算清楚。
Not sure which Incoterm to use?不确定该用哪个 Incoterm？
Send your route + cargo details — Lake will recommend the right term and quote you on it within 2 business hours.告诉 Lake 你的航线 + 货物，2 个工作小时内推荐合适的术语 + 给出报价。
Get a quote发送询盘